68. PARLIAMENT ROLL OF RICHARD III (1483) ... It is to be remembered that a certain bill was presented before the lord king in the aforesaid parliament to this effect.[1]... Which bill was taken to the commons of the realm of England assembled in the said parliament, and to it the same commons gave their assent in these words: To this bill the commons have assented. When this bill and the assent thereto had been read, heard, and fully made known before the king in the aforesaid parliament, by assent of the lords spiritual and temporal likewise assembled in the said parliament, and of the commons aforesaid, and by the authority of the same parliament, it was pronounced, decreed, and declared that all and singular of the contents of the aforesaid bill were true and undoubted; and the same lord king, by the assent of the said three estates of the realm, and by the authority aforesaid, granted all and singular of the premises contained in the aforesaid bill, pronouncing, decreeing, and declaring them all to be true and undoubted.... Item, a certain petition with a certain schedule attached to it was presented to the same lord king in the said parliament by Henry Percy, now earl of Northumberland, in these words.[2]... When this petition and this schedule had been read, heard, and fully made known in the aforesaid parliament, by the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and of the commons of the realm of England assembled in the same parliament, answer was made to them in these words: Let it be done as is desired.... Item, a certain other petition was presented to the aforesaid lord king in the said parliament by the commons of the realm of England on behalf of the inhabitants of the town of Croyland in Lincolnshire, to the following purport.[3]... When this petition had been read, heard, and fully made known in the aforesaid parliament, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and of the aforesaid commons assembled in the said parliament, and by the authority of the same persons, answer was made to it in the following form: Le roi le voet.... It is to be remembered that the commons of the realm of England assembled in the present parliament appeared before the lord king in the full parliament aforesaid on February 20 of the aforesaid year — that is to say, on the last day of the present parliament — and declared through William Catesby, their speaker, that they, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal assembled in the parliament aforesaid, granted to the aforesaid lord king certain subsidies, to be levied from both natives and aliens according to the form specified in a certain indenture drawn up in that connection, the contents of which were then and there exhibited to the same lord king. The tenor of which indenture follows in these words....[4] Response: Our lord the king, thanking his commons for their kindness in making the aforesaid grants, has accepted those grants and has conceded everything specified in the aforesaid indenture, with the provisions here following....[5] (Latin, French, English) Ibid., VI, 238-63. [1 ]A recapitulation of the king's title and settlement of the crown on him and his heirs. The same procedure was used for an act of resumption, an act of attainder against all his enemies, and others. [2] The extract is typical of numerous private petitions introduced in this same parliament. [3] This is the form used for the commons' petitions, of which some fifteen are entered in the statute roll of Richard III; e.g., no. 69H. [4] A formal grant of tunnage and poundage and of customs on wool, woolfells, and hides for the king's lifetime, but with many restrictions set forth in great detail. [5] Clauses saving the privileges in England of the German Hansa and of the merchants from Spain.