Long Range Surveillance Units (LSRU)
LRSUs are specially trained and
equipped to collect reliable HUMINT (human intelligence). LRSUs have the
capability to overcome certain man made and natural limitations of other
collections systems. LRSUs organization, training, and equipment provide the
capability to operate in enemy controlled areas. They observe and report enemy
dispositions, movements and activities, and battlefield conditions. The tactical
commander's IR (intelligence requirements) determines the LRSUs missions,
targets, and objectives. The teams infiltrate the target by ground (vehicle,
patrol), or water (SCUBA, boat). The teams avoid contact with both the enemy and
local civilians. Although similar, the missions performed by LRSUs are not the
same as those of the Special Forces. The LRSUs conduct limited reconnaissance
and stationary surveillance. They are not assigned direct action missions.
There are six major types of LRSU missions. They are surveillance,
reconnaissance, target acquisition, damage assessment, terrain and weather
reporting, and collateral activities. Surveillance is the primary LRS mission.
Reconnaissance is limited due to risk of detection by enemy or civilians.
Movement by teams is kept to a minimum to avoid detection. Lrs teams are also
capable of conducting pathfinder operations, coalition support, combat search
and rescue, and disaster relief.
There are two types of LRSUs: 1. LRSCs (Long Range Surveillance Company)
2. LRSDs (Long Range Surveillance Detachment). LRSC is dedicated to a corps
while LRSD is dedicated to a division. LRSCs are deployed 150 kilometers forward
of the FLOT (forward line of own troops) and may operated for as long as eight
days without replacing critical supplies and equipment. LRSDs are deployed 50
kilometers forward of the FLOT and may operate as long as six days without
replacing critical supplies and equipment. In special cases, LRS teams are
deployed for longer periods.
The LRSC is organic to the MI(military intelligence) brigade at corps level. It
consists of three major sections, the LRS platoons, the communications platoon,
and the headquarters platoon. The LRSC has three LRS platoons, each LRS platoon
has six surveillance teams(for a total of 18 teams within the company) and its
own headquarters section. Each team consists of 6 men, the team leader,
assistant team leader, radio operator, assistant radio operator, senior
scout/observer, and scout/observer. The Team may consist of 8 men due to
METT-T(mission, enemy, time, terrain, and troops). The surveillance team is the
backbone of LRSUs. The communications platoon consists of three base radio
stations along with its own Headquarters section. The base radio stations
provide commo between the operations base and the deployed teams. They are
capable of setting up radio relay points if needed to maintain commo with the
teams. The base radio teams operate on a 24 hours basis while teams are
deployed. The headquarters platoon has three sections, the operations section,
maintenance section, and the companies headquarters section. The maintenance
section maintains the company's vehicles and generators. The operations section
plan and coordinate the employment of each team. They receive and report
information from committed teams, and coordinate the insertion and extraction of
each team, including the provisions of externally supporting units.
The LRSD is organic to the MI battalion at division level. It consists of three
sections HQ, commo, and surveillance teams. The number of surveillance teams
within the detachment varies with the type of division. Light infantry divisions
LRSD have four teams, and LRSD for air assault, mechanized, and armor divisions
have six. The Commo for LRSD has only two base radio stations. The HQ is the
command and control for the detachment.
Special Operations
Operations conducted by specially organized, trained, and equipped paramilitary forces to achieve military, political, economic, or informational objectives by unconventional military means in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive areas. These operations are conducted across the full range of military operations, independently or in coordination with operations of conventional, non-special operations forces. Political-military considerations frequently shape special operations, requiring clandestine, covert, or low visibility techniques and oversight at the national level. Special operations differ from conventional operations in degree of physical and political risk, operational techniques, mode of employment, independence from friendly support, and dependence on detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets. Also called SO."
Militia "Grangers" Rangers
Rapidly deployable light infantry organized and trained to conduct highly complex joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other special operations units of all Services. Militia Rangers also can execute direct action operations in support of conventional nonspecial operations missions conducted by a combatant commander and can operate as conventional light infantry when properly augmented with other elements of combined arms.
Militia Special Forces
Militia forces organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct special operations. Special forces have five primary missions: unconventional warfare, internal defense, direct action, special reconnaissance, and counterterrorism. Counterterrorism is a special mission for specially organized, trained, and equipped special forces units designated in theater contingency plans. Also called SF.
Militia Psychological Operations (PSYOP)
Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of corrupt governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator's objectives. Also called PSYOP. See also consolidation psychological operations; overt peacetime psychological operations programs; perception management.
Militia Special Boat Units
Those Militia waterborne forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct or support naval special warfare, riverine warfare, coastal patrol and interdiction, and joint special operations with patrol boats or other combatant craft designed primarily for special operations support. Also called SBU.
Combat Search & Rescue
Specially trained personnel qualified to penetrate to the site of an incident by land or water, render medical aid, accomplish survival methods, and rescue survivors.
